social+studies

=// This page will help you learn more about what were learning in // //social studies// =

= **//By Esmeralda M, and Angelica//** //**S.**// = = = = = = //The later middle ages// =

=__The Black Death:__= = In the later middle ages there was a disease called the Black Death also known as the plaque. This disease spread through Europe and killed one third of the population in Europe.Traders that had this disease spread it all over the country and soon this disease spread all the way through England and killed half the nation. Over the years this disease spread to the country's and cities and killed lots and lots of people.The Black Death is estimated to have killed 30% – 60% of Europe's population.This disease started because of the mongols. Anyone that had this disease and died during war, the mongols would catapult their body's to kaffa, and anyone that and this disease and left kaffa would spread it where there going. = =// The Crusades //=

= The crusades were a long series of wars between Christians and Muslims in southwest Asia. They fought over control of Palestine (also known as the holy land) a region of southwest Asia. = = The First Crusade ﻿ = = About 5,000 Crusaders left Europe for the Holy land in 1096. some of the first ones weren't soldiers they were peasants. On their way to the holy land, these peasant Crusaders attacked Jews in Germany. They blamed the Jews for the death of Jesus. Before they could reach the holy land the Turkish troops killed most of the untrained, poorly equipped peasants.The nobles and knights fared better. = = ﻿ ﻿ ﻿ The Second Crusades =

= The second Crusades was a terrible failure. The Christians were led to total defeat. The Crusaders returned to Europe in less than a year. = = ﻿ = = The Third Crusade = = The third crusade began after the Muslims took back Jerusalem in 1189. England, France, and the holy roman empire rulers led their armies to the holy land to retake Jerusalem, but them problems came. The German king died, the french king left. Only one king stayed in the holy land, king Richard 1 of England. King Richard had one many opponent Saladin the leader of the Muslim forces. Richard and Saladin fought and negotiated. Richard 1 captured a few towns but at the end Richard returned home with Jerusalem still in Muslim hands. = = ﻿The Fourth Crusade = = French knights arrived in Venice ready to sail to the holy land in 1201 to start a fourth crusade. But the knights didn't have money to pay for their voyage. The Venetians said the would pay the knights if the conquer Zara,a rival trade city and the knights agreed. Later the knights attacked Constantinople and carried off many treasures. The city that was threatened by Muslims before the Crusades and been sacked by Christians. = = The end of the crusades = =Other Crusades followed, but none were successful. By 1291 the Muslim armies took back all of the holy land, and the crusades ended. There were may reasons why the crusades failed. 1. The crusaders had to travel huge distances just to reach war and many died on the way to war. 2. The crusaders weren't prepared to fight in the Palestine's (also known as the holy land) desert climate. 3. The Christians were outnumbered by their well-led and organized Muslim foes. And 4. Christian leaders fought among themselves and planned poorly. The crusaders ended just as they had begun so many years before, with the holy land still under Muslim control.=

=__The Hundred Years' War __ ﻿  -A long conflict between England and France = =**__Joan of Arc __- was a peasant girl who rallied the French troops although the English captured her and killed her. **= =**Results of the war -The results of this war was that England's Parliament grew more power. also in France the king grew more power and became popular with his nobles. **= =**__Spanish Inquisition __- an organization of priest that looked for and punished anyone in Spain suspected of secretly practicing their old religion.** = =__Reconquista__- efforts to retake Spain from the Moors. = = =